Anxiety is a natural stress response, but when it becomes excessive or chronic, it can interfere with daily life. Millions of people struggle with anxiety disorders, but understanding the root causes of anxiety is the first step toward managing it effectively.
At CBT Baltimore, we specialize in helping individuals uncover the sources of their anxiety and develop strategies to regain control. Let’s explore the biological, psychological, and environmental factors that contribute to anxiety.
Biological Causes of Anxiety
1. Genetics
Anxiety often runs in families, suggesting a genetic component. If you have a parent or sibling with an anxiety disorder, you may be more likely to experience it yourself. However, genes are not destiny—environment and lifestyle also play significant roles.
2. Brain Chemistry and Neurotransmitters
The brain relies on chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to regulate mood and emotions. Imbalances in serotonin, dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can contribute to heightened anxiety. When these chemicals don’t function properly, the brain may overreact to stress and create excessive worry.
3. Overactive Amygdala
The amygdala, the part of the brain responsible for processing fear, can become overactive in individuals with anxiety. This heightened response can make people perceive threats where none exist, leading to constant worry or panic.
Psychological Causes of Anxiety
1. Negative Thinking Patterns
People who experience chronic anxiety often have cognitive distortions—automatic negative thoughts that reinforce fear. Common distortions include:
- Thought-Action Fusion (“Where if I think it there must be credence to it and I must do something about it.”)
- Catastrophizing (“What if something terrible happens?”)
- Black-and-white thinking (“If I fail, I’m a total failure.”)
- Overgeneralization (“This bad thing happened once, so it will happen again.”)
2. Past Trauma and PTSD
Traumatic experiences, especially in childhood, can shape the way the brain responds to stress. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related conditions can lead to heightened anxiety and fear responses in everyday situations.
3. Perfectionism and High Expectations
Many individuals with anxiety set unrealistically high expectations for themselves. The fear of failure or not meeting expectations can trigger chronic stress and self-doubt.
Environmental Causes of Anxiety
1. Stressful Life Events
Major life changes—such as job loss, relationship struggles, or financial problems—can trigger or worsen anxiety. Even positive changes, like starting a new job or moving to a new city, can be stressful adjustments that lead to increased worry.
2. Social Pressure and Technology Overload
In today’s world, constant exposure to social media and news can create feelings of comparison, fear, and uncertainty. The pressure to appear perfect or stay informed about global crises can heighten stress levels.
3. Substance Use and Caffeine
Excessive alcohol, caffeine, or drug use can worsen anxiety symptoms. Stimulants like caffeine increase heart rate and trigger the body’s fight-or-flight response, making anxious feelings more intense.
Can Anxiety Be Managed?
Yes! Anxiety is highly treatable, and there are many strategies to reduce its impact. At CBT Baltimore, we use evidence-based approaches, including:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to reframe negative thought patterns
- Exposure therapy to help individuals face fears gradually
- Mindfulness techniques to promote relaxation and emotional regulation
- Lifestyle changes, including exercise, sleep improvement, and stress management strategies
Take Control of Anxiety with CBT Baltimore
If anxiety is interfering with your life, you don’t have to navigate it alone. At CBT Baltimore, our specialized therapists provide personalized treatment plans to help you manage anxiety and regain peace of mind.
Take the first step toward relief—contact us today to schedule a session.