What Is Hoarding?
Hoarding is a mental health condition marked by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. People with hoarding disorder often experience significant distress at the thought of getting rid of items. They may acquire an excessive number of things, leading to cluttered living spaces that can compromise safety and quality of life.
Hoarding Disorder and Mental Health
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, officially recognizes hoarding disorder as a distinct condition. It is often associated with other mental health disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Common Symptoms of Hoarding Disorder
- Persistent difficulty discarding items
- Strong emotional attachment to possessions
- Distress or anxiety when trying to declutter
- Cluttered living conditions that impair the use of living spaces
- Excessive acquisition of items that aren’t needed
Risk Factors and Related Disorders
Risk factors for developing hoarding behaviors include a family history of hoarding, stressful life events, and co-occurring mental health conditions. Studies by researchers like Tolin and Steketee have helped clarify the connection between hoarding and related disorders such as affective disorders and ADHD. Hoarding can also involve the accumulation of animals, creating serious animal welfare and safety risks.
Impact on Loved Ones and Living Conditions
Hoarding can create strained relationships with family members and loved ones, especially when the home becomes unsafe due to fire hazards, health risks, or eviction threats. The emotional burden can affect everyone in the household, lowering overall well-being and increasing the need for professional support.
Treatment Options for Hoarding
The most effective treatment for hoarding disorder is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), particularly when delivered by a licensed mental health professional trained in hoarding-related interventions. CBT helps individuals develop better decision-making and problem-solving skills and reduce emotional attachment to objects.
Additional Treatment Approaches:
- Psychotherapy and behavioral strategies
- Support groups for hoarding and OCD
- Medication such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Family-based interventions and education for loved ones
Helping a Hoarder: What Families Can Do
If a loved one is struggling with hoarding, approach the conversation with empathy. Avoid judgment and instead encourage them to seek support from qualified mental health providers. A gentle, compassionate approach can foster cooperation and openness to treatment.
When to Seek Professional Help
If hoarding behaviors are causing significant distress, impairment, or safety concerns, it’s time to consult a clinician or health care provider. Early intervention improves outcomes and can prevent further damage to well-being and living conditions.
Support Is Available
At CBT Baltimore, we specialize in evidence-based approaches to hoarding disorder. Our team of licensed clinicians works with individuals and families to reduce symptoms, improve quality of life, and restore safe living environments.
Contact us today to schedule a consultation or learn more about how CBT can help.
Disclaimer
This page is intended for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a licensed mental health provider for personalized care.