Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and often misunderstood mental health condition that causes persistent, excessive worry about a wide range of everyday issues. People with GAD may struggle to control their anxiety, even when there is no obvious reason to be anxious. This can interfere with relationships, work, and daily life—making professional treatment essential.
At CBT Baltimore, we provide effective, compassionate care for those living with generalized anxiety disorder, using proven therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychotherapy, and appropriate medication management.
What Is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry occurring more days than not for at least six months, about a variety of topics such as finances, health, relationships, or work performance.
This worry is difficult to control and often accompanied by physical symptoms and emotional distress. GAD is distinct from panic disorder, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), though it can occur alongside these or other psychiatric disorders (comorbidity).
Prevalence and Risk Factors
- GAD affects millions worldwide and is one of the most common mental health disorders.
- It frequently begins in adolescence or early adulthood and can persist for decades if left untreated.
- Risk factors include family history, chronic stressors, substance abuse, and co-occurring conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or social anxiety disorder.
Symptoms of GAD
The symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder affect both the mind and body. Common signs include:
- Chronic excessive worry that’s hard to control
- Muscle tension, restlessness, or feeling keyed up
- Fatigue and irritability
- Difficulty concentrating or feeling your mind “go blank”
- Sleep disturbances
- Light-headedness or other physical symptoms
- Changes in daily activities and functioning
People with GAD often experience impairment in work, school, or relationships due to their anxiety. Loved ones and family members may notice avoidant behaviors or increasing emotional distress.
Diagnosing Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A proper diagnosis begins with a mental health professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or licensed clinical social worker. At CBT Baltimore, we often collaborate with primary care providers and use screening tools such as the GAD-7 questionnaire to assess symptom severity.
Evaluation Process
- Comprehensive clinical interview
- Review of medical conditions that may mimic anxiety (e.g., hyperthyroidism)
- Physical exam and lab work (if necessary)
- Assessment of substance use disorder or substance abuse history
A diagnosis is made according to DSM-5 criteria, published by the American Psychiatric Association, and takes into account duration, severity, and impact on functioning.
Treatment Options for GAD
There are several first-line approaches to managing and reducing symptoms of GAD. At CBT Baltimore, we tailor treatment plans to your specific needs and preferences.
1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is the gold standard for treating generalized anxiety disorder. It helps individuals recognize and challenge negative thinking patterns while developing healthier coping strategies.
CBT techniques often include:
- Identifying anxiety triggers
- Challenging cognitive distortions
- Practicing relaxation and mindfulness exercises
- Building tolerance for uncertainty
2. Psychotherapy and Support
Beyond CBT, other forms of psychotherapy—including acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) or psychodynamic approaches—can be useful for exploring deeper stressors or psychiatric disorders. We may also recommend a support group to connect with others who understand the GAD experience.
3. Pharmacotherapy
For moderate to severe cases, pharmacotherapy can reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Common medication options include:
- SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) such as paroxetine
- SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) like venlafaxine
- Buspirone, a non-sedating anti-anxiety medication
- Benzodiazepines for short-term use in acute anxiety (used with caution due to potential dependence)
We closely monitor for side effects and adjust as needed in coordination with your psychiatry or health care team.
4. Holistic and Alternative Options
Some individuals explore natural or supplemental treatments for mild anxiety, such as relaxation techniques, meditation, or kava (with medical supervision). These can be integrated into your treatment plan when appropriate.
GAD vs. Other Anxiety Disorders
It’s important to differentiate GAD from other mental health conditions, as each has unique features:
| Disorder | Core Feature | Distinctive Traits |
|---|---|---|
| GAD | Ongoing worry across many areas | Symptoms last 6+ months, often without specific trigger |
| Panic Disorder | Sudden panic attacks | Physical symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath |
| OCD | Repetitive thoughts/rituals | Compulsions tied to intrusive thoughts |
| Phobias | Intense fear of a specific object/situation | Avoidance behavior; usually limited to one area |
| PTSD | Re-experiencing trauma | Flashbacks, avoidance, hyperarousal |
Understanding the differences supports proper diagnosis and treatment.
Living With GAD
Living with GAD can feel exhausting, but it’s manageable with the right care. Many individuals with GAD go on to lead fulfilling lives once they find the treatment that works for them.
If you’re struggling with persistent worry, know that you’re not alone—and healing is possible.
How CBT Baltimore Can Help
At CBT Baltimore, we provide evidence-based, personalized care for generalized anxiety disorder. Our expert clinicians work collaboratively with you and your health care providers to reduce anxiety, increase confidence, and help you re-engage in daily activities that matter most.
We also offer support to loved ones and family members, empowering them to better understand and assist in your journey to improved mental health.
Ready to Reclaim Calm and Clarity?
If you’re experiencing symptoms of GAD or chronic worry that interferes with your life, it’s time to take the next step. Schedule a session with CBT Baltimore and begin your path toward lasting relief.